This page (revision-25) was last changed on 2021-11-08 09:09 by Murray Altheim

This page was created on 2019-12-22 08:01 by Murray Altheim

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24 2021-06-24 22:52 8 KB Murray Altheim to previous | to last
23 2021-01-23 22:25 8 KB Murray Altheim to previous | to last
22 2020-09-27 01:11 8 KB Murray Altheim to previous | to last
21 2020-09-27 01:11 8 KB Murray Altheim to previous | to last

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PID Controller
PIDController

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At line 11 removed one line
On a typical robot with a motor on the left and a motor on the right side, to go forward one motor will be going clockwise, the other motor counter-clockwise. It's entirely typical of DC brushed motors to have a difference in performance in each direction, so it's entirely typical that such a robot will not run in a straight line. So having motor encoders and a PID controller is __exactly__ how one fixes this problem.
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See: [PID Rug Bump Challenge|PIDRugBumpChallenge], [Robot Chassis Dynamometer|RobotChassisDynamometer]
At line 29 changed 2 lines
|| Integral Term | integrates the error value into the correction over time so that it minimises this overshoot and pushes the output towards the target value. | the amount of integral applied to the formula needs to be carefully tuned, otherwise this can create its own form of oscillation. Given this tuning is quite tricky to get right, there is generally some overshoot and therefore oscillation in a PI controller. If the PID controller is used for position control the I term is used; for a motor controller the value is set to 0 since it actually represents the position of the motor if we're sampling at a fixed rate.
|| Derivative Term | projects the rate of change of the corrective value, and reduces its amount as the system nears the target. This allows the controller to move towards its Set Point as fast as possible, with as little oscillation as possible. | the Derivative Term is intended to smooth the operation of a PI Controller, but the value of the Derivative must also be tuned. If either the P or D are too high it can cause the system to oscillate.
|| Integral Term | integrates the error value into the correction over time so that it minimises this overshoot and pushes the output towards the target value. | the amount of integral applied to the formula needs to be carefully tuned, otherwise this can create its own form of oscillation. Given this tuning is quite tricky to get right, there is generally some overshoot and therefore oscillation in a PI controller.
|| Derivative Term | projects the rate of change of the corrective value, and reduces its amount as the system nears the target. This allows the controller to move towards its Set Point as fast as possible, with as little oscillation as possible. | the Derivative Term is intended to smooth the operation of a PI Controller, but the value of the Derivative must also be tuned.
At line 32 changed 2 lines
The more I read about PID controllers the more I found that tuning the control terms is considered something of a black art. There are a number of constants in the formula, and tweaking them is done by trial and error, in other words: guessing. I did
learn one rule of thumb for a PD controller: start at three zeros, then turn up the P until it oscillates, then back off to half that value. Then do the same thing with D.
The more I read about PID controllers the more I found that tuning the Integral and Derivative control terms is considered something of a black art. There are a number of constants in the formula, and tweaking them is done by trial and error, in other words: guessing.
At line 53 removed 6 lines
* __[PID Controller|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller]__ from Wikipedia (note the animation of adjusting P,I,D values in the ''Manual tuning'' section)
* __[Improving the Beginner’s PID – Introduction|http://brettbeauregard.com/blog/2011/04/improving-the-beginners-pid-introduction/]__ by Brett Beauregard
* __[PID for Dummies|https://www.csimn.com/CSI_pages/PIDforDummies.html]__
* __[Going Straight with PID|https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/robotPID/3]__, from RaspberryPi.org
* [PID Autotune|https://platformio.org/lib/show/3/PID-AutoTune] by Brett Beauregard (C++)
* [Build a PID Controller with Python 2019|https://onion.io/2bt-pid-control-python/] from Onion.io
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* [simple-pid|https://pypi.org/project/simple-pid/] in Python
* [ivPID|https://github.com/ivmech/ivPID] in Python
* [PID controller|https://solderspot.wordpress.com/2014/01/29/pid-controllers-101/], blog post
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This page (revision-25) was last changed on 2021-11-08 09:09 by Murray AltheimTop