This page collects information on various motors available that are suitable for robots. Some motors have a motor encoder kit available, to perform odometry.
RobotShop sell a MiniQ Motor Wheel Set w/ Encoder that includes two micro gear motors, wheels, white plastic hubs, and a motor encoder pair — with the encoders integrated into the motor mount — for US$36. They use a 50:1 gear ratio rather than 298:1 (perhaps that's better?). This uses an optical encoder rather than a Hall Effect encoder, using the white teeth of the inner wheel hub for the optical interrupter, 48 pulses per revolution.