Wiki: Operating Systems

This page catalogues operating systems used for personal robots.

Linux-Based Operating Systems#

"Raspian", a portmanteau of "Raspberry" and "Debian", was the original Linux-based OS for the Raspberry Pi. The current version is still Debian-based, but has been renamed as "Raspberry Pi OS".

To install the Raspberry Pi OS, it is copied onto an SD card using an application like the balenaEtcher or the preferred method, a cross-platform desktop application called the Raspberry Pi Imager, a free download from the Raspberry Pi OS home page. You basically select an image file, select a drive to copy to, then push a button. Done. Then the first time you boot with the SD card you go through an interactive configuration process.

See:

Installing operating system images from the Raspberry Pi Foundation
How to Backup an SD Card

Alternatives to Raspberry Pi OS#

Many Debian-based Linux distributions can be used on a Raspberry Pi. Most of the differences between these are solely in the desktop environment, not the Linux kernel, so if your Pi is being used as a server, or command line only, there's little benefit in an alternative to the "standard". In other words, what are often called "operating systems" are actually all using the Linux operating system and only differing in their desktop environment (window manager).

32 or 64 bit?#

The default Raspberry Pi OS (including all historical versions of Raspbian) has been 32 bit but in late 2020 the beta version of the 64 bit OS became available.

To determine which is running on a Pi type:

  % uname -m

If it responds with "aarch64" then it is 64 bit. If it responds with "armv7l" then it is 32 bit.

The latter is a link to the directory containing RPi OS image files (i.e., not pictures but single-file copies of operating systems), the latest as of this writing is 2020-08-24.

Removing the UI #

Removing the UI is a rather permanent thing. Once you've done so, restoring your Pi back to being able to use the desktop again very difficult, i.e., reversing the purge of UI libraries. So unless you're hurting for disk space on your SD card you might wish to just leave the UI files alone.

If you never need the UI and plan to run command line only, type this:

sudo apt remove --purge x11-common
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt update

This removes all x11 packages, then the 'autoremove' does the cleanup of packages that are no longer needed. Then updates what's left of your operating system.

This will empty up some disk space and speed up operating system updates as there's less on your Pi. As a measure of this, here's the stats on a clean new 64 bit Raspberry Pi OS, before and after removing the UI:

Before:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       7.0G  3.8G  2.9G  58% /
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   31M  222M  13% /boot

After:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       7.0G  3.3G  3.5G  49% /
/dev/mmcblk0p1  253M   31M  222M  13% /boot

So this cleared about half a gigabyte of space.

Other Operating Systems#

Armbian is a Debian-based OS used for ARM architecture, non-Raspberry Pi boards (it has not been and is not likely to be ported to the Raspberry Pi)
CircuitPython or MicroPython, a programming language, not an operating system but effectively used as such on microcontrollers (when powered on they run a single program)
JavaScript (as used on the Espruino)

Pages Tagged "Operating System"#

Operating Systems
Software Libraries

Tags: Operating System